Personal data protection law regulates the rules and principles on the basis of which the collection, processing, storage, and transfer of information about individuals take place. Its goal is the protection of fundamental human rights and freedoms, including the rights to the inviolability of private and family life, personal space, and communication, during the processing of personal data. The rules and principles of personal data protection apply to both the private and public sectors and concern any activity where the use of data about an identifiable person occurs.

Personal data is any information that relates to an identified or identifiable individual. An individual is identifiable when it is possible to identify them directly or indirectly, including by name, surname, identification number, geolocation data, electronic communication identification data, or by physical, physiological, mental, psychological, genetic, economic, cultural, or social characteristics. The processing of data is permissible only when there is a legal basis defined by law, such as the consent of the data subject, a contractual obligation, a duty imposed by law, or a legitimate interest.

A special category of data includes data related to an individual's racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious, philosophical or other beliefs, professional union membership, health, sexual life, status of the accused, convicted, acquitted, or victim in criminal proceedings, conviction, criminal record, diversion, recognition as a victim of crime in accordance with the Law of Georgia on Human Trafficking or "On the Suppression of Violence against Women and/or Domestic Violence, Protection and Assistance of Victims of Violence", imprisonment and the execution of a sentence against them, as well as biometric and genetic data processed for the purpose of unique identification of an individual. The processing of this data is linked to a person's fundamental rights, which is why the law establishes a stricter regime and special conditions for their legal use.

A data subject has the right to know who is processing their data and for what purpose, to gain access to their own data, and to request its correction, update, deletion, or the restriction of processing. Additionally, they have the right to appeal the processing of data and to apply to the supervisory authority or the court in case of a violation of their rights.

The violation of personal data protection requirements can cause sanctions, financial fines, reputational damage, and court disputes. The prevention of risks is possible by implementing compliance systems with the law, auditing data processing processes, implementing internal policies, and conducting employee training. Qualified legal support helps a business entity not only in avoiding violations but also in building trust based on data protection.